The Hopeless Continent?

Africa was once dubbed the “Hopeless Continent” in a front-page story for the Economist, pessimistically indicating there seems no sound prospect of development. Nevertheless in Kenya it feels like a ray of hope might exist. With its growing population of young working-age people, the increase of a commodities-led economy and the transformation of country-wide finance by mobile-banking, one would like to embrace the possibility of change.

Yet ironically the one factor which seems to stand in the way is money. Not money per se but a greed for the status, the power and the possessions it brings.

‘But people want so much.’

‘They want what they see others enjoying, that is all.’

‘And it doesn’t matter how they get it?’

‘It doesn’t matter. There are ways and ways. You… will have to find these ways. It is very simple, isn’t it?’

‘You know,’ said the man, ‘that in the end there is only one way. Only one way for people like us.’

(The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, Ayi Kwei Armah)

Greed for the status, the power and the possessions money brings.

And that “one way” alluded to by Armah, in his powerful account of Ghana’s last years under Nkrumah, is through dishonesty. It becomes a vicious cycle whereby corruption shows its ugly face across every strata of society, bringing an acceptance to underhand proceedings. When children are nurtured in an environment where their parents bribe, their peers twist the truth and their politicians extort, then unfortunately corruption becomes normality.  

My first realisation of this sad truth was 6 years ago during my volunteer placement in Western Kenya – challenges of school management were voiced by honest Headteachers who felt their hands were tied by power-hungry stakeholders. While the Headteacher performs the running of the school on a day-to-day basis, the overall ownership is the responsibility of members of the Board of Governors. Unfortunately, these positions are given out as “favours” by local MPs in an attempt to win votes and as a consequence the people on the committee are largely intent on extorting money from the school coffers. Headteachers find themselves being blocked on every decision unless they open up the bank account to the BOG members (and if they’re lucky win a slice of the cake too).  Given the fact no remuneration is either paid to Headteachers or BOG members for their additional responsibility running the school, it is not surprising that often the “one way” is taken.  Ultimately people do simply “want what they see others enjoying, that is all.”

It is not just within the education sector that these experiences are prevalent; often the police force is cited as a main contender for the “most corrupt institution” accolade.  This is where my second exposure to the powers of sleaze became a little more personal…

About a year ago I had attended an audition for a local Kenyan film on Mombasa island. Even at the first meeting fellow actors were voicing their grumbles of discontent over the lack of compensation for their time, food and travel. As the only white face in the room I looked sheepishly to the floor, slightly ashamed of my secure, comfortable living in the wealthy suburb of Nyali. So at the end of the meeting I adopted my loud ‘teacher voice’ voice in an attempt to make an announcement – “If anyone would like a lift across the bridge to the North of Mombasa I have 4 spaces”. Incredulous looks seemed to follow and only one person accepted the offer.

Getting in the car, I should have known something was wrong. A giggly voice bubbled itself across the stifling heat, saying, “OMG, I can’t believe I’m in a car with the mzungu. How exciting! I never thought I would be so lucky.” I then proceeded to be an object necessitating 45 minutes of childish hero-worship – simply for my skin colour.  Desperate to end the torment, I stopped the car just after the bridge so my passenger could vacate and I could regain my composure.

Unfortunately that was not possible. A tap on the window was followed by a steely glare. A policewoman with a face like a hawk stared at my innocent self. Apparently I had committed a crime worthy of a court-notice by stopping near a junction. My heart began to beat. How can I miss school?

"I had committed a crime worthy of a court-notice."

What if rumour gets around that ‘Miss Gunstone was caught by the police’? Am I really going to propagate the corruption I have always admonished? Her aggressive voice then pounded into my befuddled brain, demanding to be let into the car so we could “go somewhere private”.  I switched on the engine, knowing the obvious was going to happen, creeping the car along the road at a slow pace before it edged to a stop. Money (too much of it, I later found out!) was exchanged and I had comfortably gained my freedom – and lost my dignity. I had used the “only one way” necessary to extricate myself from the mess.

In justification for my behaviour I’d like to claim I did not hurt anyone. My dishonesty was not grounded on greed but instead a practical necessity. This seems far removed from the furor that has blasted across the media this week due to the extreme avarice of certain Kenyan politicians.

Kenya’s MPs have recently demanded a salary of $10,000 a month, claiming they deserve it because they work very hard. Not only does this seem absurdly huge but it completely dwarfs the average yearly salary of a working Kenyan which stands at $1,700.  Do these people in the population not work hard, I wonder? Yet, there is a glimmer of hope hidden in this extravagant display of materialism… It has led to mass protest. 

Adopting an unusual display of protest, civil society groups unleashed a collection of pigs outside parliament. The pigs (dubbed ‘mpigs’) were daubed with slogans in blood and made to feast on waste from the local abattoir. In a symbolic gesture, the mpigs are said to represent hungry politicians, feeding on the life of average Kenyans.  Indeed, a Kenyan journalist aptly wrote "if hospitals had good care and were well staffed; if there were no potholes; the the poorest Kenyans received some social security pay, the MPS could pay themselves Sh3 million and there would be no outcry." (Onyango-Obbo, Daily Nation).  The challenge that Kenya has therefore is to prioritise the needy and prevent greed seeping into the seams of society. The politicians seem determined to fatten themselves, damn the cost to the country, but I'm comforted by the public outcry - there is some hope that greed won't prevail.

"The pigs are said to represent hungry politicians, feeding on the life of average Kenyans."

Ultimately this country, or even continent, has to reach the point where the "one way" becomes the "right way".